Chuck.



J. HARTNESS.

CHUCK. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24, 1912.

Patented J an. 13, 1914.

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CHUCK. APPVLIUATIOI'IILED Jun 24, 1912.

Patented Jan. 13, 1914 mums-Baum 2.

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CHUCK.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24, 1912.

Patented Jan. 13, 1914.

JAMES HARTNESS, or srsrncrmrn, vn monr.

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. Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed June 24, 1912. Serial No. 705,384.,

- To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMEs HARTNnss, a citizen of the United States, andresident of Springfield, in the county of VVind-sor and State ofVermont, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Chucks, of

which the following is a specification.

This invention has relation to chucks for.

metal working machines, of that type in which the jaws are actuated by arotatable scroll, one of the objects of the invention being to providealways accessible means for actuating the scroll either While thespindle is stationary or while it is in operation.

A further object of the invention is to pro vide a chuck capable ofwithstanding the tremendous pressure required for holding the work.

On the accompanying draWings,,Figure 1 represents in plan view a portionof the head of a metal turning machine, some of the parts being shown insection. represents a front elevation of said head. Fig. 3 represents asection on the line 3-3 of Fig, 2. Fig. 4 represents a. section on theline 44: of Fig. 2. Figs. 5 and 6 represent respectively end elevationsof said head.

.Figs. 7 and 8 represent sections on the line 77, 88 respectively ofFig. 1. Fig. 9-

represents a section through the body of the chuck. Fig. 10 shows thescroll in section. Fig. 11 illustrates one of the jaws. Fig. 12 showsthe centralgear or pinion from which power is transmitted to the scroll.Fig- 13 v(Sheet 3) illustrates the scroll actuating quill as beingprovided with-a hand wheel for eilecting its rotation.

For convenience, a form of chuck embodying'the invention is illustratedas being employed in a machine substantially like that shown anddescribed in the application of James Hartness and George A. Perry,Serial No. 648,147, filed September 7, 1911, but it may be employed inmany dilierent kinds of turning and grinding machines.

The work or chuck spindle is indicated at 20 and is hollow so that itmay be used for bars as well as for detachedpieces of work such as gearblanks and the like. It is mounted in suitable bearings, the-characterof which forms no part of the present invention. As illustrated, thesebearings are formed by or supported in a head which is box-like instructure, and which has end walls 21, 22, a front wall 23, a removableea or cover 24, and a transverse internal wall Fig; 2

or web 25. It will be observed from anlinspection of Fig. 1, that on oneend the spin- .dle 20 is. formed with a large relatively heavy integralflange 26'which constitiites the back or back-plate of the chuck, and

which is provided on its periphery with gear teeth so that power may betransmitted directly to the chuck if desirable or necessary.

In the particularmachines illustrated, there are two work spindlesarranged side by side,

and the two chucks and spindles are rotated by a pinion 27 to whichpower is supplied trom a convenient source.- The body of the chuck isindicated at 28, and 1 is .provided'with radial ways in its face or thereception of the jaws 29 each- "of which has a tongue. and grooveconnection with the adjacent walls of saidface" plate. The body isbolted to the back 2 6 PatentedJan,13,1914.

by bolts 30, relatively near the axis, and 1s, further held rigidly inplace by the pins 280 engaging notches 281 in the rim of the body,-

and by a collar 31 threaded on the body and on the back-plate. The rearportion of the body is recessed or chambered, as shown by f Fig. 9, to.receive the scroll 32 which consists of anannul-us having the spiralscroll teeth e 33 on its face, and also having a flange or rim 34 whichis internally toothed, as shown.

Projecting forward from the back-into. the

recess in the body are three pins 35 on each'- of which is journaledapinion 36 meshin' with the internal teeth on the scroll, an

these pinions likewise mesh with a pinion 37 formed on or secured to'anactuator consisting of a quill or sleeve 38 extending through thehollowspindle and pro ecting from the opposite end thereof. On rotating theactuator, as by means of a hand wheel 880 on the projecting end thereof,see

Fig. 13, the scroll will .be/ rotated tomove the jaws in or outsimultaneously aswillbe apparent. By the provision of three pinions 36,power will 'be distributed equally at separate points to the scroll toreduce the stress on the teeth of the scroll, each pinion being locatedimmediately behind one of the jaws if desired. Any arrangement of thepinions may be -followed, provided space is left for the bolts 30. Ishould not,

however, deem it a departure from the invent-ion if the .number ofpinions36 changed or if only one were used:

As a result of he construction which-I have described, the jaws may beactuated with ease when the spindle is atrestorfwhen were it isrotating. actual practice, itis pos- .sible, when the spindle isquiescent, to turn the quill until the jaws lightly engage the work, andthen, while holding the hand wheel against rotation, to start thespindle in rotation under power until the jaws clamp the work with theproper pressure. By reversing the rotation of the spindle ahd holdingthe hand wheel, the jaws may be released from the work. k l

P I have contemplated emp 0 ing' instrumentalities other than a banwheel for controlling the operation of the actuator, and, when twospindles are employed, for selecting either of the actuators foroperation;

It will be observed by an inspection of Fig. 1 that upon the ends of theactuators or quills 38, I secure gears 40 40, these gears being arrangedin parallel planes. A slidable shaft 41 is arranged between the twospindles and has on its end a pinion 42,

which may be moved axially into engage ment with either of the gears 40,or to a position (as in Fig. 1) where it is in engagement with neither.The axial or,slid'-. ing movement of the shaft 41 is accomplished by a'rock shaft 43 projecting through the front wall 23 of the head andhaving a handle 44 on its exposed end. The rear end of said rock shaftis equipped with a pinion 45 engaging a circular rack 46 on the slidableshaft 41. The rotation of the a shaft 41 is effected by a shaft 47likewise projecting through the wall 23, and having a hand wheel 48 onits exposed end. On its inner end said shaft 47 has a spiral gear 49intermeshing with a complemental gear 50 splined on the shaft 41. .Bythe instrumentalities thus described, the Operating pinion 42 may beengaged with the gears on either of the actuators after which therotation of the hand wheel -(if the corresponding spindle is stationary)will effect the actuation of the jaws to grip or releasethe work. WVhenthe spindle is in rotation in one direction or the other, the hand wheel48 will likewise rotate, and, by retarding its rotation with the hand,the jaws will be opened or closed as the case may be.

The mechanism which I have described possesses advantages, in additionto those already pointed out, which will doubtless be apparent topersons skilled in this art, and to some of which I will briefly callattention. In the first place, the chuck-has a rigid stiil' back onwhich the scrollactuating pinions are supported, and the body has astiff outer rim which is secured rigidly in place to the face thereofboth near the center and at the outer edge. so that but two parts arenecessary to receive and support the jaws, the scroll and thescroll-actuating pinions. As a result of this construction,

The formation of the back 26 as an inte- 7o gral part of the spindlelessens the number of necessary parts, and shortens the total distancebetween the work and the bearing for the spindle, and decreases thepossibility ofspringing the spindle, which is a feature of value.Moreover the back 26 itself furnishes a direct connection between thedriving pinion and the'spindles and the driving pinion and the chuck asa whole.

By the provision of the annular internally so toothed scroll and thequill and pinions driven thereby, I obviate the necessity of employing akey wrench or other form of tool for actuating the scroll or ofaccurately positioning the chuck about its axis before the jaws can beactuated. Furthermore, the power of the machine can be utilized foractuating the jaws, the operator merely retarding the rotation of theactuator-controlling hand wheel. Again, by forming the annular scrollwith the internally toothed rim, power is applied to the scroll,substantially at its periphery, so that substantially the greatestpossible leverage is secured, and by locating the transmission gears'orpinions within the rim, I eliminate the necessity of cutting away orweakening the back-plate, or of interrupting the rim of the body.

The body of the ordinary scroll chuck is the weak member, because of theslots which are necessarily formed to receive the jaws, and of thechamber to receive the scroll. In the present case, however, the body 28has, as has been stated, an unbroken rim 5 encircling the chamber inwhich the scroll is seated, the back-plate 26 is rigid and powerful, andthe body is so connected to the back-plate near the center and at ornear its outer edge that a strong closed shell is provided capable ofwithstanding any pressures or stresses which may be exerted upon it.According to my construction, power is not applied to the jaw-operatingmechanism by passing a key or tool or other instru- 11,5

mentality through the shell, but on the contrary is applied by acentrally located pinion, which is actuated by a quill passing throughthe spindle, so that it is possible to preserve the rigid constructionof and the rigid connection between the body and backplate to which Ihave referred.

What I claim is 1. In a chuck, a plurality of jaws, a body grooved toreceive said jaws, a back-platel25 secured to said body, a rotatableannular scroll located between the back-plate and' the body and havingan internally toothed rim, one or more pinions for rotating said scroll,and means between the body and the back-plate for rotating said pinionorpinions.

2. In a chuck, a plurality of jaws, a body grooved to receive said jaws,a solid backplate, a rotatable annular scroll located between saidback-plate and body and having an internally toothed rim, one or morepinions between said body and back-plate for rotating said scroll, andan actuator concentric with said scroll for rotating said pinion orpinions.

3. In a chuck, a back-plate, a body secured thereto, a plurality of jawscarried'by the body, an annular scroll engaged with the jaws and havingan internally toothed rim, one or more pinions journaled on saidbackplatebetween said body and back-plate and meshing with the teeth onsaid rim, and an actuator concentric with the body and having a gearmeshing with said pinion or pinions.

4. In a chuck, a back-plate, a body secured thereto, an annularscrollbetween said backplate and said body, jaws on the body engaged bysaid'scroll, gear teeth formed on said scroll, one or more gears alsobetween the back-plate and the body meshin with said gear teeth, and acentrally located act-uator having a gear meshing with saidlastmcntioned gear or gears.

5. In a chuck, a back-plate having a central aperture, a body securedthereto and having a rear flange forming a recess be tween it and theback-plate, a plurality of F jaws, an annular j aw-operating scroll insaid recess having war teeth, a pin on the backplate, a gear jo urnalcdon said pin'and engaging said toothed scroll, and a rotatable centrallylocated actuator indenting through the aperture in the back-plate andhaving means for rotating said last-mentioned gear.

6. In a chuck, a body,a back-plate, aws, a centrally located rotaryactuator, means for rotating said actuator independently of the rotationof the chuck body, and' awoperating connections between the jaws andsaid actuator, and located between the backplate and the body.

' 7. In a chuck, a body, a back-plate having a central aperture, jaws, acentrally located rotary actuator, means for rotating the actuatorimlcpcmlently of said body and backplate, and jaw-operating connectionsbetween the jaws and said actuator, co1npr is ing a j a w-opcratingscroll between the backplate and thebody, one or'more gears between thebzu-k-plate and the body, and a driving gear on the actuator.

. 8. In a chuck, a solid back-plate, a body having an unbroken rimabutting against said back-plate, means for securing the body to saidback-plate, jaws carried by the body, a jaw-operating annular scrollwithin said rim. a centrally disposed actuator, and one or more gearsbetween the actuator and the scroll for transmitting power from saidactuator to said scroll.

9. The combination with a body and jaws carried ther'eby, of a spindlehaving an integral peripheral flange which constitutes the back-plate ofthe chuck, and means for points at .or near their peripheries.

10. A chuck comprising a spindle having '75 back-plate, teeth on saidflange by which the a peripheral flange which constitutes the spindleand chuck may be rotated, a body having radial guideways, jaws in saidguideways, means for operating said jaws, and

means for securing said back-plate and body together adjacent theirperipheries.

11. The combination with a body, jaws carried thereby, and a scroll foroperatingsaid jaws, ofa hollow spindle having a peripheral flange whichconstitutes a back-plate,

securing said body to said back-plate at means for securing said body tosaid backf' plate, and a sleeve within sa d spindle, andscroll-operating mechanism operable by said sleeve.

12. The combination with the body of a chuck, jaws thereon, a scroll foractuating said jaws. and one or more gears for'operating'said scroll, ofa hollow spindle having at its end an integral flange formin back-plateofthe chuck and constituting a support for said gear or gears, and meansthe located interiorlv of said spindle for transmitting power to saidgear or gears.

13. The combination with a hollow spindle,

a chuck thereon having jaws, ,a'scrolhfor operating said jaws, and meansextending through said spindle for actuating said scroll. i

' 14, A chuck which consists of a body and a solid back-plate forming anunbroken chambered shell, a scroll within said shell, jaws onsaid bodyoperable by said scroll, means for relatively rotating said scroll, andmeans for securing said body and back-plate together near their centersand near their peripheries.

15. In a chuck, a plurality of radially movable jaws, a chuck bodygrooved to receive said jaws, a back-plate, said back-plate andbodyhaving unbroken contiguous rims,

means for securing said plate and body together at their rims and atpoints between their centers and their rims, a jaw-operating scrolllocated within said rims and between said back-plate and body.

16. In a chuck, a bacleplate, a body having an unbroken rim abuttingagainst the backplate, means for securing the body to the back-plate,supplemental means connecting the rim to the back-plate to preventrotat-ive movement of one in rclation to the other, radially movablejaws carried by the body, and an annular scroll confined between thebody and the back-plate for actuating the jaws.

17. A chuck which consists of a body and a' back-plate forming anunbroken shell, means for securing said parts together at points neartheir centers and near their peripheries, a scroll located in arecessformed between the back-plate and the body,,and jaws on said bodyoperable by said scroll.

18. A chuck which consists of a body having radial guideways, aback-plate having a central aperture, means for securing said back-plateand said body together at or near their peripheries, jaws carried bysaid body and movable in said guideways, a scroll located in a recessbetween the body-and the back-plate,.an actuator extending through theaperture in the back-plate, and powertransmitting connections betweenthe actuator and the scroll.

19. A chuckcomprising a body and a backplate,; means -for securing saidparts together at or near their peripheries, jaws on thebody, ajaw-operating scroll located between the body and the back-plate andhaving an internally toothed rim, and gearing located between the bodyand the back-plate and intermeshing with said toothed rim for causingthe operation of the scroll.

20. A chuck comprising a body having converging radial guideways, acentrally apertured back-plate secured at or near its periphery to thebody, said body and backplate having a recess or chamber between them, ascroll located in-said recess, jaws movable in said guideways andoperated by said scroll, and means for operating said scroll extendingthrough said central aperture.

21. A chuck comprising a body having converging radial guideways, acentrally apertured back-plate secured at or near its periphery to thebody, said body and backplate having a recess or chamber between them, ascroll located in said recess, jaws movable in said guideways andoperated by near their centers, a scroll located between i theback-plate and the body and between points at which said body andback-plate are secured together, jaws operable by said scroll, and meansfor actuating said scroll to move said jaws.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature, in presence of twowitnesses.

. JAMES HARTNESS. Witnesses GEORGE- A. PERRY, J. W. WALKER.-

